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FT-Guys
FT-Guys is the nickname of the analytical chemistry research group headed by Dr. Peter
Griffiths. "FT" stands for Fourier Transform: a mathematical operation invented
by Frenchman Jean Fourier (1768-1830) which converts any periodic function, regardless of
its complexity, into a sum of basic sine and cosine waves. "Guys" stands
for…well, we’re a bunch of guys (this includes both men and women).
The FT, with the use of modern computers, has become a mainstay in analytical chemistry
for interpretation of chemical spectra. The FT-Guys research laboratory concentrates on
the invention, improvement, and expanded utilization of the FT operation for vibrational
spectroscopy (infrared and Raman). This includes, but is not limited to, such applications
as infrared spectroelectrochemistry, open path FT-IR, ultra-rapid scanning FT-IR, step
scan FT-IR, FT-Raman spectroscopy, GC/FT-IR, HPLC/FT-IR, SEIRA, and SERS.
For full definitions and information on these techniques see our spectroscopy links.
Our logo is based on our location at the University of Idaho in Moscow (pronounced
"moss-co"), Idaho. No, we do not grow potatoes, but we have probably looked at
them in the IR at some point in time. The red squiggly line in our logo is an
interferogram: the generic resulting signal from a Michelson interferometer prior to
conversion by FT.
News
Lacey Averett wins!!! (July
2005)
Lacey Averett won the election for the
student representative position of the Society of Applied Spectroscopy.
Lacey will take the position from Debbie Serna (New Mexico State University) who
served as a wonderful representative. People close to the Lacey Averett campaign
say that Lacey hopes to be able to serve in the capacity of student
representative as honorably as Debbie.
Congratulations from the FT-Guys to Lacey and to the SAS!
PETER
GRIFFITHS IS RECIPIENT OF THE BOMEM-MICHELSON AWARD
Peter Griffiths, Professor and Chair
of the Department of Chemistry at the
University of Idaho, will receive the
2003 Bomem-Michelson Award by the
Coblentz Society. The Award,
dedicated to the memory of Professor
A.E.Michelson, and sponsored by
Bomem,Hartmann &Braun, is
presented annually to honor scientists
who have advanced the techniques of
vibrational, molecular, Raman, or
electronic spectroscopy. Griffiths’ research interests have been in the
development of better ways
of measuring infrared spectra, including the optics for diffuse
reflection spectroscopy and the chromatography/FTIR interface.
Much of the effort in his lab over the past four or five years has
involved development of the hardware and software for open-path
FTIR spectrometry and investigations into surface-enhanced
infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectrometry for reducing the
detection limits of direct-deposition interfaces between gas and
liquid chromatographs and the identification of intermediates in
electrochemical reactions. More recently, Griffiths’ students
have been working with a small business in Moscow, Idaho,
Manning Applied Technology, to construct an ultra-rapid-scanning
interferometer that allows full infrared spectra to be measured in
as short a time as one millisecond. This instrument has been
used to monitor time-resolved adsorption, very fast combustion
and photochemical reactions, and polymer dynamics on the
millisecond timescale. Griffiths’ group maintains a strong interest
in various types of reflection spectroscopy.
Professor Griffiths obtained his B.A. and D.Phil. in Chemistry
from Oxford University in England. After a two-year post-doctoral
stint at the University of Maryland, he worked with Digilab,Inc.
(which became the Spectroscopy Division of Bio-Rad and is now
Digilab LLC) on the development of the first FTIR spectrometer
of the modern era. Subsequently he held positions with Sadtler
Research Labs, Ohio University, and the University of California,
Riverside, before being appointed as Chair of the Department of
Chemistry at the University of Idaho, a position he has held for
eight years.
Griffiths has received several honors and awards including the
Coblentz Award in 1975, the Spectroscopy Society of Pittsburgh
Award, the Prëgl medal of the Austrian Society of Analytical
Chemistry, the Gold Medal Award of the New York SAS and the
University of Idaho Award for Research and Creative Activity, all
in 1995. He is also on the editorial advisory boards of the
following journals: Spectroscopy Letters, Spectrochimica Acta,
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (Germany), Analytical
Sciences (Japan) and Spectroscopy and Spectrochemical
Analysis (China).
Griffiths has co-authored over 240 papers, 25 book chapters and
two books. The second edition of
Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy,
which he wrote with James de Haseth, will
appear next Spring. He is a co-editor, with John Chalmers, of the
Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy, a major five-volume text
covering all aspects of mid-infrared, near-infrared and Raman
spectroscopy which was introduced December,2001.
FT-GUY PRESENTATIONS AT PITTCON 2003
APPLICATIONS OF
ULTRA-RAPID-SCANNING FTIR SPECTROMETRY TO TIME-RESOLVED ADSORPTION AND POLYMER
DYNAMICS
Peter R. Griffiths,
Benjamin Weinstock,
Husheng Yang
Interferometers in which one or more mirrors move in a reciprocating manner
often have a very low duty cycle efficiency. For example
with one commercial interferometer, it has been reported that the measurement
time for an interferogram corresponding to a
16-cm -1 resolution spectrum is 4 ms yet it takes 40 ms to decelerate the moving
mirror, turn it around and accelerate it back up to
the desired velocity. In this case, the duty cycle efficiency (i.e., the time
required to acquire the interferogram divided by the time
between scans) is less than 10%. By designing an interferometer with a rotating,
rather than reciprocating, optical element, instruments
with a much higher duty cycle efficiency can be designed. In this talk, an
instrument that allows 6-cm -1 resolution spectra
to be measured every 5 ms will be described. Even when the beam passes through a
20-pass gas cell, the rms noise level is
about 1000 (<1 mAU root mean square baseline noise when the ratio of two
successive scans is calculated). Prognostications of
how the scan speed and/or resolution can be further improved will be given. The
application of this instrument to two applications
will be given. In the first of these, an approach for measuring the kinetics of
the adsorption of small aldehydes onto bare and modified
silica will be described. In the second, the change in molecular conformation as
polymer films are stretched to the point at
which they fracture will be shown.
Below is shown the variation of the absorbance of acetaldehyde as a mixture of
acetaldehyde and nitrogen is admitted to a multi-pass
gas cell through either unmodified silica or the same silica after treating the
surface with aminopropylsilyl (APS) groups. Also
shown (filled circles) is the variation of pressure in the cell during the same
period.
SURFACE-ENHANCED INFRARED ABSORPTION:
HOW LARGE AND HOW USEFUL?
Peter R. Griffiths, Amy E. Bjerke,
David A. Heaps
Enhancement in the intensity of bands in the infrared spectrum of materials
within about 5 nm of the surface of small islands of silver
and gold has been reported to be anywhere between one and three orders of
magnitude, with enhancement factors of 100 to
200 being most common. The biggest problem in the application of
surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) that we have
found is the asymmetry of the bands. In the first part of this talk, the factors
affecting band asymmetry will be discussed. In the
second part, the application of SEIRA to the direct deposition interface of gas
and liquid chromatographs with FT-IR spectrometers
will be discussed. By coating the substrate on which the analytes are deposited
with a thin layer of silver, detection limits can
be reduced by about a factor of ten. GC/FT-IR spectra of 8.6 ppm of t-butyl
benzene deposited on a ZnSe slide held at liquid nitrogen
temperature are shown. The lower spectrum was measured on the bare ZnSe slide
while the upper spectrum was measured
after depositing 5 nm of silver on the surface on the slide. In the third part
of this talk, the feasibility of obtaining significant surface
enhancements with metals other than the coinage metals will be discussed. Our
group has observed significant enhancements
using platinum and palladium, while other groups have seen similar results with
iron, tin and rhodium. In most spectra
measured on these substrates, however, the bands are very asymmetrical. In the
final part of this talk, the feasibility of SEIRA
being the basis of a generally applicable technique for surface analysis will be
discussed.
AUTOMATED COMPOUND
IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION IN OPEN-PATH FOURIER TRANSFORM
INFRARED SPECTROMETRY
Husheng Yang, Peter R.
Griffiths, B.
Christine Morris
In recent years more attention has been turned to open-path Fourier transform
infrared (OP/FT-IR) spectrometry for monitoring
hazardous gas-phase compounds in the work-place, chemical weapons storage
facilities, and other similar sites. The increased
number of applications demand faster and more reliable data analysis systems.
However, the currently accepted data processing
method in OP/FT-IR, classical least squares (CLS) regression, is far from being
automatic and robust. In this work we describe a
systematic approach for building a fully automated system by utilizing modern
computer programming techniques and advanced
chemometric algorithms, and demonstrate that such a system can automatically
identify and quantify 19 target compounds.
In the first step of building the automated data analysis system reference
spectra of 114 target and interferent compounds and 843
open-path background spectra were collected. In the second step, Kohonen neural
network and chemometrics tools were used
to analyze the reference spectra library so that efficient training and testing
sets can be constructed. In the third step, a neural net-work
library that contains several feed-forward neural networks, each of which can
recognize one of the target compounds or representative
interferents, is constructed. Each training spectrum was synthesized by the
digital addition of several reference spectra
and an open-path background spectrum. Figure 1 shows a synthetic methyl amyl
acetate OP/FT-IR spectrum in the presence of
two interferents. Identifying this compound presents a challenge even to an
expert spectroscopist. The data analysis system is
fully automated. When the instrument set-up is changed, a new model can be
rebuilt by issuing a single computer command.
The final system is a software package that is installed in a personal computer
and fully integrated with the data acquisition soft-ware
that controls the OP/FT-IR spectrometer. This system contains the neural network
library, an automated partial least squares
(PLS) calibration model generator, and auxiliary computer programs. This system
gave near real-time prediction of the identity and
concentration of target compounds once an OP/FT-IR spectrum is collected and fed
to the system instantly.
Applied Spectroscopy Cover Feature
June, 2000 (54/6)
Fifteen years ago, most Raman spectrometers were large and expensive, and
required significant effort to operate reproducibly. In general they were limited to
academic research laboratories. In the late 1980s Raman spectroscopy was revolutionized,
first by the development of Fourier Transform Raman spectrometers and two years later by
polychromators with charge-coupled device (CCD) array detectors. Now bench-top Raman
spectrometers are available from a number of manufacturers. Several of these instruments
are shown on the cover of this month's issue. These include the FT-Raman spectrometers of
Bruker (D) and Nicolet (G); analogous instruments are also made by Bio-Rad, Bomem, and
Perkin Elmer. CCD-Raman spectrometers can be made even smaller than FT-Raman
spectrometers. The instruments made by Chromex (C) and Kaiser (B, middle ground) are
examples of small bench-top CCD Raman spectrometers. The diffraction limit for Raman
spectrometry is up to an order of magnitude smaller than that for FT-IR spectrometers.
CCD-Raman spectrometers are, therefore, often equipped with microscopes. The spectrometers
made by Nicolet (A), J-Y (E), and Renishaw (F) are typical examples of these instruments.
With the speed and high performance of contemporary Raman spectrometers, it is not
surprising that they are being used for process monitoring. At the back of photograph of
the Kaiser spectrometer (B) is the instrument they have developed for process monitoring.
Sampling for Raman spectrometry is far simpler than for infrared spectrometry, and
fiber-optic probes are becoming commonplace. Shown in the foreground of the Kaiser
instruments is the probe made by this company. Many of these spectrometers now incorporate
near-infrared lasers to minimise the deleterious effects of fluorescence. These
instruments are now so inexpensive and simple to operate that they are being adopted for
use in college teaching labs. In spite of the tremendous success of this new generation of
Raman instrumentation, some samples still give rise to problems. In this month's Focal
Point article, entitle "Factors Affecting the Performance of Bench-Top Raman
Spectrometers. Part II: Effect of Sample, Bryan Bowie, Peter Griffiths, and Bruce Chase describe some of the problems that
may be encounter when using these instruments on a variety of samples.
May, 2000 (54/5)
In the mid 1980s, Bruce Chase and Tomas Hirschfeld reported the
feasibility of minimizing the effect of fluorescence in Raman spectra by exciting the
sample with 1064 Dm (near-infrared) radiation emitted from a Nd:YAG laser and measuring
the spectrum with a Fourier transform (FT) spectrometer. commercial FT-Raman spectrometers
soon became available commercially from a number of manufacturers. A couple of years
later, the feasibility of measuring Raman spectra with a single monochromator coupled to a
charge-coupled device (CCD) array detector was demonstrated. With a suitable laser, the
time required to measure a high-quality CCD Raman spectrum was reduced to a few seconds,
and sometimes even less. The result of these developments was nothing less than the
rebirth of Raman spectrometry. Spectra measured on commercial FT-Raman and CCD-Raman
spectrometers are not free of artifacts, however. The cover illustrations show some of the
types of artifacts that may be encountered in Raman spectrometry. They are all taken from
this month's Focal Point article, which is the first of two articles by Bryan Bowie and Peter Griffiths of the
University of Idaho and Bruce Chase of the du Pont Experimental Station, entitled
"Factors Affecting the Performance of Bench- Top Raman Spectrometers " .This
month 's article is on instrumental effects and next month 's discusses effects that are
introduced by the sample.
Publications
Books
1. "Chemical Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy," P.R. Griffiths,
Wiley-Interscience, New York (1975).
2. "Transform Techniques in Chemistry," P.R. Griffiths (ed.), Plenum
Publishing Corporation, New York (1978).
3. "Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry," P.R. Griffiths and J.A. de
Haseth, Wiley-Interscience, New York (1986).
4. "Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy, Volume 1:Theory and Instrumentation for
Vibrational Spectroscopy", J. M. Chalmers and P. R. Griffiths, Wiley-Interscience,
manuscript to be submitted in August, 2000.
5. "Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy, Volume 2: Sampling Techniques for
Vibrational Spectroscopy" J. M. Chalmers and P. R. Griffiths, Wiley-Interscience,
manuscript to be submitted in August, 2000.
6. "Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy, Volume 3: Sample Identification,
Characterization and Quantification and Data Processing" J. M. Chalmers and
P. R. Griffiths, Wiley-Interscience, manuscript to be submitted in August, 2000.
7. "Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy, Volume 4: Applications of Vibrational
Spectroscopy" J. M. Chalmers and P. R. Griffiths, Wiley-Interscience, manuscript to
be submitted in August, 2000.
8. "Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry", 2nd Edition, P. R.
Griffiths and J. A. de Haseth, Wiley-Interscience, manuscript to be submitted by 2001.
Chapters in Books
1. "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy," P.R. Griffiths, Chapter 7, in Laboratory
Methods in Infrared Spectroscopy, 2nd Edition, (R.G.J. Miller and B.C. Stace, eds.),
Heyden (London) (1972)
2. "Fourier Transform Spectrometry in Chemical Research," S.T. Dunn, C.T.
Foskett, R. Curbelo and P.R. Griffiths, in Computers in Chemical and Biochemical Research,
Vol. I (C.E. Klopfenstein and C.L. Wilkins, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 143-168
(1978).
3. "Gas Chromatography and Fourier Transform Infrared," P.R. Griffiths,
Chapter 4, in Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Applications to Chemical Systems,
Vol. I (J.R. Ferraro and L.J. Basile, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 143-168 (1978).
4. "Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry: Theory and Instrumentation,"
P.R. Griffiths, Chapter 6, in Transform Techniques in Chemistry, (P.R. Griffiths, ed.),
Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, pp. 109-139 (1978).
5. "Infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometry: Applications to Analytical
Chemistry," P.R. Griffiths, Chapter 6, in Transform Techniques in Chemistry, (P.R.
Griffiths, ed.), Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, pp. 141-172 (1978).
6. "Applications of the FFT in Electrochemistry," P.R. Griffiths, Chapter 14,
in Transform Techniques in Chemistry, (P.R. Griffiths, ed.), Plenum Publishing
Corporation, New York, pp. 355-378 (1978).
7. "Basic Theory and Instrumentation For FT-IR Spectrometry," in Analytical
Applications of FT-IR to Molecular and Biological Systems, (J.R. Durig, ed.), D. Reidel
Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland, pp. 11-24 (1980).
8. "Accessories and Sampling Techniques for FT-IR Spectrometry," in
Analytical Applications of FT-IR to Molecular and Biological Systems, (J.R. Durig, ed.),
D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland, pp. 141-148 (1980).
9. "Chromatography and FT-IR Spectrometry," in Analytical Applications of
FT-IR to Molecular and Biological Systems, (J.R. Durig, ed.), D. Reidel Publishing
Company, Dordrecht, Holland, pp. 149-155 (1980).
10. "Mid Infrared Spectrometry of Powdered Samples," P.R. Griffiths and M.P.
Fuller, Chapter 2 in Advances in Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy, Vol. 9, (R.J.H. Clark
and R.E. Hester, eds.), Heyden Publishing Co., London, pp. 63-129 (1982).
11. "Recent Commercial Instrumental Developments in Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectrometry," P.R. Griffiths, Chapter 5 in Advances in Infrared and Raman
Spectroscopy, Vol. 10, (R.J.H. Clark and R.E. Hester, eds.), Heyden Publishing Co.,
London, pp. 277-306 (1983).
12. "Temperature Measurement by Infrared Spectrometry," L.A. Gross, P.R.
Griffiths and J.N. Sun, in Infrared Methods for Gaseous Measurements: Theory and Practice
(J.C. Wormhoudt, ed.), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, 81-138 (1985).
13. "Unconventional Applications of FT-IR Spectrometry to the Analysis of
Surfaces," P.R. Griffiths, K.W. Van Every, N.A. Wright and I.M. Hamadeh in
Biological, Chemical and Industrial Applications of Infrared Spectroscopy, (ed. J.R.
Durig), Wiley-Heyden, New York, pp. 253-275 (1985).
14. "Capillary GC/FT-IR," P.R. Griffiths, J.A. de Haseth and L.V. Azarraga,
in Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry, 1982-1986 (ed. S. Borman), American Chemical
Society, Washington, D.C. (1986).
15. "Mid Infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometry," P.R. Griffiths in
Laboratory Techniques in Infrared Spectroscopy (ed. H.A. Willis, J.H. van der Maas and
R.G.J. Miller), John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, England, pp. 121-144 (1987).
16. "Combination of Diffuse Reflectance FT-IR Spectrometry, Fourier
Self-Deconvolution, and Curve-Fitting for the Investigation of Reacting Coals," P.R.
Griffiths and S.H. Wang in FT-IR Spectrometry of Polymers, (ed. H. Ishida), Am. Chem. Soc.
Symposium Series, (1987).
17. "Curve-Fitting and Fourier Self-Deconvolution for the Quantitative
Representation of Complex Spectra," P.R. Griffiths, J.A. Pierce and Gao Hongjin,
Chapter 1 in Computer-Enhanced Analytical Spectroscopy, (ed. H.L.C. Meuzelaar and T.L.
Isenhour), Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 29-54 (1987).
18. "Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry - A Tool for Modern Agricultural
Research," P.R. Griffiths and G.L. Pariente in Instrumentation for the 21st Century
(ed. G. Beecher), Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Boston, pp. 223-246 (1988).
19. "HPLC/FT-IR Measurements by Transmission, Reflection-Absorption, and Diffuse
Reflection Microscopy" D.J.J. Fraser, K.L. Norton and P.R. Griffiths in Infrared
Microspectroscopy: Theory and Applications (ed. R.G. Messerschmidt and M.A. Harthcock),
Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 197-210 (1988).
20. "A Unified View of Chromatography and FT-IR Spectrometry," P.R.
Griffiths, in Analytical Applications of Spectroscopy (eds. C.S. Creaser and A.M.C.
Davies), Royal Society of Chemistry, London, pp. 173-187 (1988).
21. "Adsorption of Proteins and Polysaccharides at Aqueous-Solid Interfaces by
Infrared Internal Reflection Spectrometry: In Situ Investigation," K.P. Ishida and
P.R. Griffiths, Chapter 12 in Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Colloid and
Interface Science (ed. D.R. Scheuing), ACS Symp. Ser. 447, pp. 208-224 (1990).
22. "Combined Chromatography and FT-IR Spectrometry of Coal Extracts," P.R.
Griffiths, M.L.E. TeVrucht and F. Bet-Pera, Chapter 8 in Advances in Coal Spectroscopy
(ed. H.L.C. Meuzelaar), Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, pp. 165-192 (1992).
23. "SFC/FT-IR Measurements Involving Elimination of the Mobile Phase," P.R.
Griffiths, K.L. Norton and A.S. Bonanno, in Hyphenated Techniques in Supercritical Fluid
Chromatography and Extraction (ed. K. Jinno), Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp.
83-101 (1992).
24. "Theory of Diffuse Reflectance in the NIR Region," J.M. Olinger and P.R.
Griffiths, in Handbook of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (eds. D. Burns and E. Cziurczak),
Academic Press, New York, pp. 13-35 (1992).
25. "The Origin of Band Positions and Widths in Near Infrared Spectra," A.S.
Bonanno, J.M. Olinger and P.R. Griffiths, in Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy: Bridging the Gap
between Data Analysis and NIR Applications (eds. K.I. Hildrum, T. Isaakson, T. Naes and A.
Tandberg), Ellis Horwood, London, pp. 19-28 (1992).
26. "Electrochemically Modulated Infrared Spectroscopy Using a Step-Scanning FTIR
Spectrometer: Application to the Fe(CN)63-/Fe(CN)64- Couple," C.M. Pharr, B.O.
Budevska and P.R. Griffiths, in Frontiers in Analytical Spectroscopy (eds. D.A. Andrews
and A.M.C. Davies), Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, England, pp. 31-41 (1995).
27. "Gas Chromatography - Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry,"
Encyclopedia of Analytical Science, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 1865-71 (1995).
28. "Multiple Modulation Step-Scanning Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectrometer," C.J. Manning, G.L. Pariente, B.D. Lerner, J.H. Perkins, R.S. Jackson
and P.R. Griffiths, in Computer Enhanced Analytical Spectroscopy, Vol. 5 (ed. S. Brown),
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., New York, pp. 1-23 (1996). C.
29. "Discriminant Analysis using Neural Networks", P. R. Griffiths and H.
Yang, Lectures on Chemometrics, (Y. Ozaki, ed.), Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan (1999).
30. "Theory of Diffuse Reflectance in the NIR Region," J.M. Olinger, P.R.
Griffiths and T. Burger, in Handbook of Near Infrared Spectroscopy , 2nd
Edition (eds. D. Burns and E. Cziurczak), Academic Press, New York, in press (1999).
31. "Gas chromatography-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry", P. R.
Griffiths, in "Encyclopedia of Separation Science, 2nd Edition, (ed. I.
Wilson), Academic Press, New York, in press (1999).
Refereed Research Papers
264.
“Band Shapes in the Infrared
Spectra of Thin Organic Films on Metal Nanoparticles”, D. A. Heaps and P. R.
Griffiths, Vib. Spectrosc., in press (2005).
263.
“Quantitative Vapor-Phase
Infrared Spectrometry of Ammonia”, L. Shao, P. R. Griffiths, P. M. Chu and T. W.
Vetter, Appl. Spectrosc., in press (2005).
262. “Reduction of detection limits of the
direct deposition GC/FT-IR interface by surface-enhanced infrared absorption”,
D. A. Heaps and P. R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem.,
77,
5965-5972 (2005).
261.
“Raman Spectrometry of Explosives with a No-Moving-Parts Fiber Coupled
Spectrometer: A Comparison of Excitation Wavelength,” M.L. Lewis, I.R. Lewis,
and P.R. Griffiths, Vib. Spectrosc.,
38, 17-28
(2005).
260.
“Evaluation of a Dispersive Raman Spectrometer with a Ge Array Detector and a
1064-nm Laser for the Study of Explosives,” M.L. Lewis, I.R. Lewis, and P. R.
Griffiths, Vib. Spectrosc.,
38,
11-16 (2005).
259. "Kinetic modeling
of the adsorption rate of a gaseous adsorbate on a granular adsorbent by
ultra-rapid-scanning FT-IR spectrometry", B. A. Weinstock, H. Yang, B. L.
Hirsche II and P. R. Griffiths, Langmuir,
21,
3915-3920 (2005)
258. "Kinetic modeling
of aldehyde adsorption rates on bare and aminopropylsilyl-modified silica gels
by ultra-rapid-scanning FT-IR spectrometry", H. Yang, B. A. Weinstock, B. L.
Hirsche II and P. R. Griffiths, Langmuir, 21,
3921-3925 (2005)
257. “Effect
of hydration on band intensities in diffuse infrared spectra of samples in
alkali halide matrices”, J. Mattia and P. C. Painter, D. A. Heaps and P. R.
Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 59, 140 (2005).
256. “Off-line direct
deposition gas chromatography/surface-enhanced Raman Scattering and the
ramifications for on-line measurements”, D. A.Heaps and P. R. Griffiths, Appl.
Spectrosc., 59, 1305-1309 (2005).
255.
Determination of the adsorption rates of aldehydes on bare and aminopropylsilyl-modified
silica gels by polynomial fitting of ultra-rapid-scanning FT-IR data”, B.
A. Weinstock, H. Yang and P. R. Griffiths, Vib. Spectrosc., 35,
145-152 (2004)
254. “Anti-Stokes Raman
Spectrometry with 1064-nm Excitation: An effective instrumental approach for
field detection of explosives”, M. H. Lewis, I. R. Lewis and P. R. Griffiths,
Appl. Spectrosc., 58, 420-427 (2004).
253. “A
comparative study of mid-infrared diffuse reflection and attenuated total
reflection spectroscopy for the detection of fungal infection on RWA2-corn”, G.
Kos, R. Krska, H. Lohninger and P. R. Griffiths, Anal. Bioanal. Chem.,
378, 159-166 (2004).
252.
Effect of resolution on the wavenumber determination
of a putative standard to be used for near-infrared diffuse reflection spectra
measured on grating spectrometers”, H. Yang, T. Isaksson, R. S. Jackson and P.
R. Griffiths, J. Near-Infrared Spectrosc., 11, 229-240 (2003).
251.
Effect of resolution on the wavenumber determination of a putative standard to
be used for near-infrared diffuse reflection spectra measured on Fourier
transform near-infrared spectrometers”, H. Yang, T. Isaksson, R. S. Jackson and
P. R. Griffiths, J. Near-Infrared Spectrosc., 11, 241-255 (2003).
250. Deformation and
Relaxation of Polymers Studied by Ultra-Rapid Infrared Spectroscopy, Christian
Pellerin, Robert E. Prud’homme, Michel Pézolet, Benjamin Weinstock and Peter R.
Griffiths, Macromolecules, 36, 4838-4843 (2003)
249. Comparison of Partial
Least Squares Regression and Multi-Layer Neural Networks for Quantification of
Non-Linear Systems and Application to Gas Phase FT-IR Spectra, H. Yang, P. R.
Griffiths and J. D. Tate, Anal. Chim. Acta, 489 (2), 125-136 (2003).
248.
Comparison of methods for calculating thermodynamic properties of binary
mixtures in the sub and super critical state: Lee-Kesler and cubic equations of
state for binary mixtures containing either CO2 or H2S, J.
Yang, P. R. Griffiths and A. R. H. Goodwin, J. Chem. Thermodynamics, 35 (9)
1521-1539 (2003).
247.
“The axicon as a retroreflector in open-path FT-IR spectrometry”, R. L.
Richardson, Jr. and P. R. Griffiths, Opt. Eng., 42,
2197-2201, (2003).
246. “Accurate Wavelength
Measurements of a Putative Standard for Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflection
Spectrometry”, T. Isaksson, H. Yang, P. R. Griffiths, G. J. Kemeny, R. S.
Jackson, Q. Wang and M. K. Alam, Appl. Spectrosc., 57, 176-185 (2002).
245. “Determination of the
Resolution of a Multichannel Raman Spectrometer using Fourier Transform Raman
Spectra”, B. T. Bowie and P. R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 57, 190-196 (2003).
244. “Surface-Enhanced
Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy of p-Nitrothiophenol on Vapor-Deposited
Platinum Films”, A. E. Bjerke and P. R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 56,
1275-1280 (2002).
243. “Improved Data Processing
by Application of Brault’s Method to Ultra-Rapid-Scan FT-IR Spectrometry”, H.
Yang, P. R. Griffiths and C. J. Manning, Appl. Spectrosc., 56, 1281-1288 (2002).
242.
“Design
and Performance Considerations of Cat's-Eye Retroreflectors for Use in Open-Path
FT-IR Spectrometry, R. L. Richardson, Jr. and P. R. Griffiths, Applied Optics,
41, 6332-6340 (2002).
241. “Dynamic Fourier
Transform Polarized Raman Spectroscopy of Polyethylene Fibers under a Modulated
Strain”, P. R. Griffiths, D. B. Chase, R. M. Ikeda and J. W. Catron, Appl.
Spectrosc., 56, 809-812 (2002).
240. “The Optimal Absorbance
for Transmission or Reflection Spectra Measured in the Presence of Stray
Radiation”, T. Isaksson and P. R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 56, 916-919
(2002).
239. “Analysis of Noise in FT-IR
Spectra”, H. L. Mark and P. R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 56, 633-639 (2001).
238. “Raman Spectroscopy and
Genetic Algorithms for the Classification of Wood Types”, B. K. Lavine, C. E.
Davidson, A. J. Moores and P. R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 55, 960-966
(2001).
237. “Generation of
Front-Surface, Low-Mass Epoxy-Composite Mirrors by Spin-Casting”, R. L.
Richardson, Jr. and Peter R. Griffiths, Optical Engineering, 40, 252-258 (2001).
236. "Factors Affecting the
Performance of Bench-Top Raman Spectrometers. Part 2. Sample Effects", B. T.
Bowie, D. B. Chase and P. R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc.,54, 200A-207A (2000).
235. “Measurement of the
Sensitivity and Photometric Accuracy of FT-IR Spectrometers,” B.T. Bowie and P.
R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 54, 1192-1202 (2000).
234. "Open-Path FT-IR
Spectrometry: Is completely unattended operation possible?" P. R. Griffiths, B.
K. Hart, H. Yang and R. J. Berry, Talanta, 53, 223-231 (2000).
233. “Influence of Cadmium
Sorption on FeS2 Oxidation,” B. C. Bostick, S. Fendorf, B. T. Bowie and P. R.
Griffiths, Env. Sci. Technol., 34, 1494-1499 (2000).
232.
Factors
Affecting the Performance of Bench-Top Raman Spectrometers. Part 1. Instrumental
Effects," B. T. Bowie, D. B. Chase and P. R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 54,
164A-173A (2000).
231. "Effect of Resolution on
Quantification in Open-path Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry under
Conditions of Low Detector Noise: II. Partial Least Squares Regression," B. K.
Hart, R. J. Berry and P. R. Griffiths, Env. Sci. Technol., 34, 1346-1351 (2000).
230. "Effect of Resolution on
Quantification in Open-path Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry under
Conditions of Low Detector Noise: I. Classical Least Squares Regression," B. K.
Hart and P. R. Griffiths, Env. Sci. Technol., 34, 1337-1345 (2000).
229. “Discriminant Analysis
using Neural Networks", P. R. Griffiths and H. Yang, Lectures on Chemometrics,
(Y. Ozaki, ed.), Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan (1999).
228. “Raman Spectrometry and
Neural Networks for the Classification of Wood Types. 2. Kohonen self organizing
maps,” H. Yang, I. R. Lewis and P. R. Griffiths, Spectrochim. Acta, 55A,
2783-2791 (1999).
227. “Surface Enhanced
Infrared Absorption Spectrometry of p-Nitrothiophenol and its Disulfide,” G. T.
Merklin, L. T. He and P. R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 53, 1448-1453 (1999).
226. "Encoding FT-IR Spectra
in a Hopfield Network and its Application to Compound Identification in
Open-Path FT-IR Measurements," H. Yang and P. R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 71,
3356-3364 (1999).
225. "Comparison of solvent
elimination systems for the analysis of dyes and pesticides by high performance
liquid chromatography - Fourier transform infrared (HPLC-FTIR) spectrometry," J.
C. Jones, D. Littlejohn and P. R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 53, 792-799
(1999).
224. "Investigation of
Polysaccharide Adsorption on Protein Conditioning Films by Attenuated Total
Reflection Infrared Spectrometry. Part II. Thin Copper Films," K. P. Ishida and
P. R. Griffiths, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 213, 513-524 (1999).
223. "Surface-Enhanced
Infrared Absorption of CO on Platinized Platinum", A. E. Bjerke, P. R. Griffiths
and W. Theiss, Anal. Chem., 71, 1967-1974 (1999).
222. "Application of
Multi-Layer Feed-Forward Neural Networks to Automated Compound Identification in
Low-Resolution Open-Path FT-IR Spectrometry", H. Yang and P. R. Griffiths, Anal.
Chem., 71, 751-761 (1999).
221. "Effects of Resolution,
Spectral Window and Background on Multivariate Calibrations used for Open-Path
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry," B. K. Hart, R. J. Berry and P. R.
Griffiths, Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology, 3, 131-138 (1999).
220. "A Low Resolution
Spectrometer for Open-Path Atmospheric Monitoring," R. J. Berry, B. K. Hart, R.
L. Richardson and P. R. Griffiths, Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology, 3,
117-130 (1999).
219. "Ultra-rapid-Scanning
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry," P. R. Griffiths, B. L. Hirsche and C.
J. Manning, Vibrational Spectroscopy, 19, 165-176 (1999).
218. "Universal On-Line HPLC/FT-IR
and GC/FT-IR Direct Deposition Interface", L-T. He and P. R. Griffiths,
Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis (Chinese Language) 18(4), 3-4 (1998).
217. "Surface-Enhanced
Infrared Absorption Studies of p-Nitrothiophenol on Silver", L-T. He and P. R.
Griffiths, Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis (Chinese Language) 18(4), 1-2
(1998).
216. "Classification of
Compounds in Low-Resolution Open-Path FT-IR Spectrometry by Kohonen
Self-Organizing Maps", H. Yang, J. D. Jegla and P. R. Griffiths, Fresenius J.
Anal. Chem., 362, 25-33 (1998).
215. "Extending the Range of
Beer’s Law in FT-IR Spectrometry. Part II: Theoretical Study of Continuous
Apodization Functions", C. Zhu and P. R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 52,
1409-1413 (1998).
214. "Extending the Range of
Beer’s Law in FT-IR Spectrometry. Part I: Theoretical Study of Norton-Beer
Apodization Functions", C. Zhu and P. R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 52,
1403-1408 (1998).
213. "Role of Scattering
Coefficients in Extended Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflection Spectrometry", N. C.
Chafin and P. R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 52, 218-222 (1988).
212. "Factors Inducing and
Correction of Photometric Error Introduced to FT-IR Spectra by a Non-Linear
Detector Response", ", R. L. Richardson, Jr., H. Yang and P. R. Griffiths, Proc.
11th Int. Conf. Fourier Transform Spectrosc., Am. Inst. Phys. Conf. Procedings
430, 428 (1998).
212. "Factors Inducing and
Correction of Photometric Error Introduced to FT-IR Spectra by a Non-Linear
Detector Response", ", R. L. Richardson, Jr., H. Yang and P. R. Griffiths, Proc.
11th Int. Conf. Fourier Transform Spectrosc., Am. Inst. Phys. Conf. Procedings
430, 428 (1998).
211.
"Multilayer Cooperative Chemisorption in Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption
Spectrometry", L. T. He and P. R. Griffiths, Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Fourier
Transform Spectrosc., Am. Inst. Phys. Conf. Procedings 430, 602 (1998).
210. "External Reflection
Studies of CO Adsorbed on Platinmized Platinum Electrodes", A. E. Bjerke and P.
R. Griffiths, Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Fourier Transform Spectrosc., Am. Inst.
Phys. Conf. Procedings 430, 627 (1998).
209. "Universal On-Line HPLC/FT-IR
and GC/FT-IR Direct Deposition Interface", L-T. He and P. R. Griffiths, Proc.
11th Int. Conf. Fourier Transform Spectrosc., Am. Inst. Phys. Conf. Procedings
430, 411 (1998).
208. "Materials for Wavenumber
and Photometric Accuracy Standards for FT-IR Spectrometers", B. T. Bowie and P.
R. Griffiths, Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Fourier Transform Spectrosc., Am. Inst.
Phys. Conf. Procedings 430, 487 (1998).
207. "Application of Neural
Networks to Compound Identification in Open-Path FT-IR Spectrometry", H. Yang
and P. R. Griffiths, Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Fourier Transform Spectrosc., Am.
Inst. Phys. Conf. Procedings 430, 237 (1998).
206. "Genetic Algorithms used
for Spectral Window Selection in Open-Path FT-IR Spectrometry", R. J. Berry and
P. R. Griffiths, Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Fourier Transform Spectrosc., Am. Inst.
Phys. Conf. Procedings 430, 241 (1998).
205. "Use of Partial Least
Squares Regression for the Multivariate Calibration of Hazardous Air Pollutants
in Open-Path FT-IR Spectrometry", B. K. Hart and P. R. Griffiths, Proc. 11th
Int. Conf. Fourier Transform Spectrosc., Am. Inst. Phys. Conf. Procedings 430,
241 (1998).
204. "Surface-Enhanced
Infrared Absorption Studies of p-Nitrothiophenol on Silver", L-T. He and P. R.
Griffiths, Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Fourier Transform Spectrosc., Am. Inst. Phys.
Conf. Procedings 430, 590 (1998).
203. "Effects on Detector
Non-Linearity on Spectra Measured on Three Commercial FT-IR Spectrometers", R.
L. Richardson, Jr., H. Yang and P. R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 52, 572
(1998).
202. "Evaluation of a
Correction for Photometric Errors in FT-IR Spectrometry Introduced by a
Non-Linear Detector Response", R. L. Richardson, Jr., H. Yang and P. R.
Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 52, 565 (1998).
201. "Role of Scattering
Coefficients in Extended Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflection Spectrometry", N. C.
Chaffin and P. R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 52, 218-221 (1998).
200. "Evaluation of a System
for Generating Quantitatively Accurate Vapor-Phase Infrared Reference Spectra",
R. L. Richardson, Jr. and P. R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 52, 143-153 (1998).
199. "Infrared
Spectroelectrochemical Analysis of Adsorbed Hexacyanoferrate Species Formed
during Potential Cycling in the Ferricyanide/Ferrocyanide Redox Couple," C. M.
Pharr and P. R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 69, 4673-4679 (1997).
198. "Step-Scan FT-IR
Spectroelectrochemical Analysis of Surface and Solution Species in the
Ferricyanide/Ferrocyanide Redox Couple," C. M. Pharr and P. R. Griffiths, Anal.
Chem., 69, 4665-4672 (1997).
197. "Reference Materials in
Extended Near Infrared Spectrometry - The Misuse of Polytetrafluoroethylene”, N.
C. Chaffin and P. R. Griffiths, J. Near Infrared Spectrosc., 4, 107-110 (1997).
196. "Effect of Microscopic
Surface Roughness in Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectrometry," G. T.
Merklin and P. R. Griffiths, J. Phys. Chem. B, 101, 5810 (1997).
195. "The Interpretation of
Raman Spectra of Nitro-Containing Explosive Materials. Part II. The
Implementation of Neural, Fuzzy and Statistical Models for Unsupervised Patter
Recognition," I. R. Lewis, N. W. Daniel, Jr. and P. R. Griffiths, Appl.
Spectrosc., 51, 1868 (1997).
194. "The Interpretation of
Raman Spectra of Nitro-Containing Explosive Materials. Part I. Group Frequency
and Structural Class Membership," I. R. Lewis, N. W. Daniel, Jr. And P. R.
Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 51, 1854 (1997).
193. "Influence of Chemical
Interactions on the Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectrometry of
Nitrophenols on Copper and Silver Surfaces," G. T. Merklin and P. R. Griffiths,
Langmuir, 13, 6159-6163 (1997).
192. "Separation and
Identification of Sulfanilamides by Capillary SFC/FT-IR," J. Yang and P. R.
Griffiths, J. Chromatogr. A, 785, 111-119 (1997).
191. "Noise Sources in
Step-Scan FT-IR Spectrometry," C. J. Manning and P. R. Griffiths, Appl.
Spectrosc., 51, 1092-1101 (1997).
190. "Reduction of Stray Light
in Monostatic Open-Path FT-IR Spectrometers with a Plane Correction Mirror," R.
L. Richardson and P. R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 51, 1254-1255 (1997).
189. "Brewster-Angle
Reflection-Absorption Spectrometry of Organic Films on Metal Substrates," G. T.
Merklin and P. R. Griffiths, J. Phys. Chem. B, 101, 7408-7413 (1997).
188. "Rapid Discrimination of
Compounds in and on Paper Using Spectra Obtained by SFE/SFC/FT-IR by Principal
Components Analysis," J. Yang and P. R. Griffiths, J. Vibr. Spectrosc., 14, 1-8
(1997).
187. "A Procedure for Testing
the Radiometric Accuracy of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometers," Z. M.
Zhang, L. M. Hanssen, J. J. Hsia, R. U. Datla, C. Zhu, and P. R. Griffiths,
Progress in Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (J. Mink, G. Keresztury and R.
Kellner, eds.), Mikrochim. Acta, Supplement 14, 315-316 (1997).
186. "Supervised and
Unsupervised Methods of Classification of Raman Spectra of Explosives and
Non-Explosives," N. W. Daniel, Jr., I. R. Lewis and P. R. Griffiths, Progress in
Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (J. Mink, G. Keresztury and R. Kellner, eds.),
Mikrochim. Acta, Supplement 14, 281-282 (1997).
185. "Infrared and Raman
Spectroscopic Studies of Asbestos, Transite and Concrete," P. R. Griffiths, I.
R. Lewis, and N. C. Chaffin, Progress in Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (J.
Mink, G. Keresztury and R. Kellner, eds.), Mikrochim. Acta, Supplement 14,
181-182 (1997).
184. "Raman Spectrometry with
Fiber-Optic Sampling," I. R. Lewis and P. R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc.,
50(12), 12A (1996).
183. "Practical Consequences
of Math Pretreatment of Near Infrared Reflection Data: log (1/R) vs. F(R)," P.
R. Griffiths, J. Near Infrared Spectrosc., 3, 60 (1996).
182. "Comparison of Direct
Deposition Supercritical Fluid and Gas Chromatography/Fourier Transform Spectra
to Condensed Phase Library Spectra," K. L. Norton, A. M. Haefner, H. Makishima,
G. Jalsolvszky and P. R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 50, 1125 (1996).
181. "Prediction of Solubility
in Supercritical Fluids Based on Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Retention
Times," J. Yang and P. R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 68, 2353 (1996).
180. "Open-Path Atmospheric
Monitoring with a Low-Resolution FT-IR Spectrometer," P. R. Griffiths and R. L.
Richardson, Proc. Soc.. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Eng., 2883, 323 (1996).
179. "Recognizing the Validity
of Prior Art: Recent Patents Involving Electromagnetic Radiation," W. G. Fateley,
B. R. Kowalski, P. R. Griffiths, K. H. Norris, and H. W. Siesler, Spectroscopy,
11(5), 14-21 (1996).
178. "Vibrational
Spectroscopic Studies of Asbestos and Comparison of Suitability for Remote
Analysis," I. R. Lewis, N. C. Chaffin, M. E. Gunter, and P. R. Griffiths,
Spectrochim. Acta A, 52, 315-328 (1996).
177. “An Automated Baseline
Correction Algorithm for High- and Low-Resolution Open-Path FT-IR Measurements,”
J. D. Jegla, R. L. Richardson, and P. R. Griffiths, Optical Remote Sensing for
Environmental and Process Monitoring, Proc. Symp. Air & Waste Mgmt. Assoc.,
323-332 (1995).
176. "Raman Spectroscopic
Studies of Explosive Materials: Towards a Fieldable Explosives Detector," I. R.
Lewis, N. W. Daniel, Jr., N. C. Chaffin, P. R. Griffiths, and M. W. Tungol,
Spectrochim. Acta A, 51, 1985-2000 (1995).
175. "Discrimination of
Organic Solvents Using an Infrared Emitting Diode-Based Analyzer. II.
Practical Demonstration," A. S. Bonanno and P. R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc.,
49, 1595 (1995).
174. "Discrimination of
Organic Solvents Using an Infrared Emitting Diode-Based Analyzer. I.
Feasibility," A. S. Bonanno and P. R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 49, 1590
(1995).
173. "Performance
Characteristics of a Real-Time Direct Deposition Supercritical Fluid
Chromatography-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry System," K. L.
Norton and P. R. Griffiths, J. Chromatogr. A, 703, 503-522 (1995).
172. "Comparison of Direct
Deposition and Flow-Cell Gas Chromatography-Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectrometry of Barbiturates," K. L. Norton and P. R. Griffiths, J. Chromatogr.
A, 703, 383-392 (1995).
171. "Open-Path Atmospheric
Monitoring with a Low-Resolution FT-IR Spectrometer," P. R. Griffiths, R. L.
Richardson, D. Qin and C. Zhu, Proc. Optical Sensing for Environmental and
Process Monitoring, O. A. Simpson, Ed., AWMA, VIP-37 (SPIE Vol. 2365), 274-284
(1995).
170. "Characterization of
Silicones by Direct Deposition GC/FT-IR," A. S. Bonanno and P. R. Griffiths, J.
High Resol. Chromatogr., 18, 289-294 (1995).
169. "Remote Characterization
of Materials by Vibrational Spectrometry through Optical Fibers," P. R.
Griffiths, I. R. Lewis, N. C. Chaffin, N. W. Daniel, Jr. and J. D. Jegla, J.
Mol. Struct., 347, 169-186 (1995).
168. "Comparison of
Two-Dimensional, Power and Phase Spectra Generated from Sample Modulation
Step-Scan FT-IR Experiments," B. O. Budevska, C. J. Manning and P. R. Griffiths,
Appl. Spectrosc., 48, 1556 (1995).
167. "The Study of Explosives
Using Raman Spectroscopy and Feed-Forward Neural Networks," N. C. Chaffin, I. R.
Lewis, N. W. Daniel, Jr. and P. R. Griffiths, Proc. XIVth Int. Raman Conf., John
Wiley and Sons: Chichester, 894-895 (1994).
166. "The Application of Raman
Spectroscopy and Neural Network Computing for the Identification of Wood," I. R.
Lewis, N. C. Chaffin, N. W. Daniel, Jr. and P. R. Griffiths, Proc. XIVth Int.
Raman Conf., John Wiley and Sons: Chichester, 808-809 (1994).
165. "Raman Spectrometry and
Neural Networks for the Classification of Wood Types: Part I Soft and Hard
Woods," I. R. Lewis, N. W. Daniel, N. C. Chaffin and P. R. Griffiths,
Spectrochim. Acta, 50A, 1943-1958 (1994).
164. "Minimization of
Quantitative Errors for Analysis of Vapor-Phase Infrared Spectra Measured at
Different Temperatures by Partial Least Squares Regression," D. Qin and P. R.
Griffiths, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 52(1), 51-58 (1994).
163. "Theoretical and
Experimental Investigation of Internal Reflection at Thin Copper Films Exposed
to Aqueous Solutions," K.P. Ishida and P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 66, 522
(1994).
162. "Comparison of
Multivariate Techniques for Vapor-Phase Infrared Spectra Measured at Different
Temperatures," D. Qin and P. R. Griffiths, Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Eng.,
2089, 548 (1993).
161. "Comparison of Mid-IR,
Near-IR and NIR FT-Raman for Fiber-Optic Remote Sensing of Solids," I. R. Lewis,
N. C. Chaffin and P. R. Griffiths, Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Eng., 2089,
454 (1993).
160. "Extending the Range of
Beer's Law in FT-IR Spectrometry by Selection of the Apodization Function,"
Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Eng., 2089, 434 (1993).
159. "Comparison of FT-IR
Spectroelectrochemical Techniques for the Analysis of the Electrochemical
Behavior of Redox Couples and Adsorbed Molecules on Electrode Surfaces," B. O.
Budevska, C. M. Pharr and P. R. Griffiths, Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Eng.,
2089, 420 (1993).
158. "Fabrication of On-Line
Interface for Coupling HPLC with FT-IR Spectrometry," J. Yang and P. R.
Griffiths, Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Eng., 2089, 336 (1993).
157. "Multiple-Modulation
Double Fourier Transform IR Spectroscopy," C. J. Manning and P. R. Griffiths,
Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Eng., 2089, 248 (1993).
156. "Analysis and
Classification of Vapor-Phase Infrared Spectra by Feed-Forward Neural Networks,"
N. W. Daniel, Jr. and P. R. Griffiths, Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Eng.,
2089, 230 (1993).
155. "Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectrometry at Low Resolution: How Low Can You Go?" P. R. Griffiths,
Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Eng., 2089, 2 (1993).
154. "Investigation of
Polysaccharide Adsorption on Protein Conditioning Films by Attenuated Total
Reflection Infrared Spectrometry. Part I: Germanium Surfaces," K.P. Ishida and
P.R. Griffiths, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 161, 190-200 (1993).
153. "Step-Scan Fourier
Transform Infrared Study on the Effect of Dynamic Strain on Isotactic
Polypropylene," B.O. Budevska, C.J. Manning, P.R. Griffiths and R.T. Roginski,
Appl. Spectrosc., 47, 1843-1851 (1993).
152. "Step-Scan FT-IR External
Reflection Spectrometry of the Electrode/Electrolyte Interface," B.O. Budevska
and P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 65, 2963-2971 (1993).
151. "Step-Scanning
Interferometer with Digital Signal Processing," C.J. Manning and P.R. Griffiths,
Appl. Spectrosc., 47, 1345-1349 (1993).
150. "Effects of Sample
Dilution and Particle Size/Morphology on Diffuse Reflection Spectra of
Carbohydrate Systems in the Near- and Mid-Infrared. Part II. Durum Wheat," J.M.
Olinger and P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 47, 695 (1993).
149. "Effects of Sample
Dilution and Particle Size/Morphology on Diffuse Reflection Spectra of
Carbohydrate Systems in the Near- and Mid-Infrared. Part I. Single Analytes,"
J.M. Olinger and P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 47, 687 (1993).
148. "Classification of
Condensed-Phase Infrared Spectra by Sub-Structure Using Principal Components
Analysis," E.J. Hasenoehrl and P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 47, 643 (1993).
147. "Comparison of Amide I/II
Intensity Ratio of Solution and Solid-State Proteins Sampled by Transmission,
Attenuated Total Reflectance and Diffuse Reflectance Spectrometry," K.P. Ishida
and P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 47, 584 (1993).
146. "Short-Wave Near Infrared
Spectra of Organic Liquids," A.S. Bonanno and P.R. Griffiths, J. Near Infrared
Spectrosc., 1, 13 (1993).
145. "The Use of Buffered
Solvent Systems with Concentric Flow Nebulization Liquid Chromatography/Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectrometry," A.J. Lange and P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc.,
47, 403 (1993).
144. "Recent Advances in the
Hyphenation of Chromatographs and FT-IR Spectrometers," P.R. Griffiths, K.L.
Norton and A.J. Lange, Microchemical Journal, 46, 261-270 (1992).
143. “Analysis of
Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) in Contaminated Soil Samples by Supercritical Fluid
Extraction/Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Coupled with FT-IR Spectrometry,"
R. Fuoco and P.R. Griffiths, Annali di Chimica, 82, 235 (1992).
142. "Forty Years of FT-IR:
Strong-men, Connes-men and Block-Busters or How Mertz Raised the Hertz," P.R.
Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 64(18), 868A-875A (1992).
141. "Rapid Functional Group
Characterization of GC/FT-IR Spectra by a PCA-Based Expert System," E.J.
Hasenoehrl, J.H. Perkins and P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 64, 705 (1992).
140. "Expert System Based on
Principal Components Analysis For the Identification of Molecular Structures
From Vapor-Phase Infrared Spectra. II. Identification of Carbonyl-Containing
Functionalities," E.J. Hasenoehrl, J.H. Perkins and P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem.,
64, 656 (1992).
139. "The Use of Principal
Component Analysis for the Structural Interpretation of Mid-Infrared Spectra,"
J.H. Perkins, E.J. Hasenoehrl and P.R. Griffiths, Chemometrics Intell. Lab.
Instrum., 15, 75 (1992).
138. "A RAIRS Study on the
Surface Chemistry of Ethyl Iodide on Pt(III)," H. Hoffmann, P.R. Griffiths and
F. Zaera, Surface Science, 262, 141-150 (1992).
137. "On-Line Use of the
Concentric Flow Nebulizer For Direct Deposition Liquid Chromatography/Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectrometry," A.J. Lange and P.R. Griffiths, J. Chromatogr.
Sci., 30, 93-97 (1992).
136. "Comparison of Fourier
Self Deconvolution and Maximum Likelihood Restoration for Curve Fitting," R.S.
Jackson and P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 63, 2557-2563 (1991).
135. "Quantitative
Investigation of Matrices for Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform
Spectrometry," M.L.E. TeVrucht and P.R. Griffiths, Talanta, 38/8, 839-849
(1991).
134. "Expert System Based on
Principal Component Analysis for the Identification of Molecular Structures from
Vapor-Phase Infrared Spectra I. Theory; Identification of Alcohols," J.H.
Perkins, E.J. Hasenoehrl and P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 63, 1738-1747 (1991).
133. "A Unified Approach to
the Chromatography/FT-IR Interface: GC/FT-IR, SFC/FT-IR and HPLC/FT-IR with
Subnanogram Detection Limits," K.L. Norton, A.J. Lange and P.R. Griffiths, J.
High Res. Chromtogr., 14, 225-229 (1991).
132. "Feasibility of
Reverse-Phase Liquid Chromatography/FT-IR Spectrometry by Concentric Flow
Nebulization," A.J. Lange, P.R. Griffiths and D.J.J. Fraser, Anal. Chem., 63,
782-787 (1991).
131. "Characterization of
Diffuse Reflectance FT-IR Spectrometry for Heterogeneous Catalyst Studies," K.W.
Van Every and P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 45, 347-359 (1991).
130. "Determination of
Molecular Chemisorption Geometries Using Reflection-Absorption Infrared
Spectroscopy: Alkyl Halides on Pt(III)", F. Zaera, H. Hoffmann and P.R.
Griffiths, J. Electron Spectrosc. Related Phenom., 54/55, 705-715 (1990).
129. "Performance
Characteristics of a Real-time Direct Deposition GC/FT-IR System," S. Bourne,
A.M. Haefner, K.L. Norton and P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 62, 2448-2452 (1990).
128. "Effect of the Optical
Geometry on Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectra of Coal," P. Iwanski and P.R.
Griffiths, Energy & Fuels, 4, 589-593 (1990).
127. "Isolation and Surface
Reactions of Ethyl Groups on Pt (III): a RAIRS, TPD and XPS Study," F. Zaera,
H. Hoffmann and P.R. Griffiths, Vacuum, 41, 735-736 (1990).
126. "Comparison of Diffuse
Reflectance and Diffuse Transmittance Spectrometry for Infrared Microsampling,"
D.J.J. Fraser, K.L. Norton and P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 62, 308-310 (1990).
125. "Effect of Scattering
Coefficient on Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectra," D.J.J. Fraser and P.R.
Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 44, 193-199 (1990).
124. "Combined Deconvolution
and Curve Fitting for Quantitative Analysis of Unresolved Spectral Bands," J.A.
Pierce, R.S. Jackson, K.W. Van Every, P.R. Griffiths and H. Gao, Anal. Chem.,
62(5), 477-484 (1990).
123. "Activation Energy of
Air-Oxidized Bituminous Coals," M.L.E. TeVrucht and P.R. Griffiths, Energy &
Fuels, 3, 522-527 (1989).
122. "A Simple Sample Packing
Accessory of Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectrometry" M.L.E. TeVrucht and P.R.
Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 43, 1492-1493 (1989).
121. "Mixed Alkali Halide
Dilution Matrices for Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectrometry: Effect of
Particle Size," M.L.E. TeVrucht and P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 43,
1293-1294 (1989).
120. "Comparison of Sampling
Techniques for Combined Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectrometry with Mobile Phase Elimination," R. Fuoco, S.L. Pentoney
and P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 61, 2212-2218 (1989).
119. "Retention Behaviour of
Large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography
on a Polymeric Octadecylsilica Stationary Phase," K. Jinno, T. Ibuki, N. Tanaka,
M. Okamoto, J.C. Fetzer, W.R. Biggs, P.R. Griffiths and J.M. Olinger, J.
Chromatogr., 461, 209-227 (1989).
118.
"Differential-Polarization Dual-Beam FT-IR Spectrometer for Surface Analysis,"
H. Hoffmann, N.A. Wright, F. Zaera and P.R. Griffiths, Talanta, 36, 125-131
(1989).
117. "FT-IR Interface for
Capillary Gas, Liquid, and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography," P.R. Griffiths,
A.M. Haefner, K.L. Norton, D.J.J. Fraser, D. Pyo and H. Makishima, J. High Res.
Chromatogr., 12, 119-122 (1989).
116. "Study of Ammonium
Uranates by X-Ray Diffraction and Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectrometry,"
C.Y. Lin, Y.C. Yeh and P.R. Griffiths, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 131, 131-137
(1989).
115. "Binding of Metal Ions by
Extracellular Polymers of Biofilm Bacteria," G.G. Geesey, L. Jang, J.G. Jolley,
M.R. Hankins, T. Iwaoka and P.R. Griffiths, Wat. Sci. Tech., 20, 161-165 (1988).
114. "Interfaced Gas
Chromatography and Fourier Transform Infrared Transmission Spectrometry by
Eluite Trapping at 77K," A.M. Haefner, K.L. Norton, P.R. Griffiths, S. Bourne
and R. Curbelo, Anal. Chem., 60, 2441-2444 (1988).
113. "Quantitative Effects of
Absorbing Matrix on Near Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectra," J.M. Olinger and
P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 60, 2427-2435 (1988).
112. "Sample/Spectrum
Relationships for Resolution Enhancement in Near Infrared Reflection
Spectrometry," J.M. Olinger and P.R. Griffiths, Mikrochim. Acta (Wien), I,
105-108 (1988).
111. "A Unified Approach to
the Chromatography/FT-IR Interface," P.R. Griffiths, S.L. Pentoney, G.L.
Pariente and K.L. Norton, Mikrochim. Acta (Wien), III, 47-62 (1988).
110. "Spectroscopic
Temperatures Estimates by Infrared Emission Spectrometry," L.A. Gross and P.R.
Griffiths, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 39, 463-472 (1988).
109. "Contemporary SFC:
Accomplishments and Limitations," P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 60, 593A-595A
(1988).
108. "Quality Criteria for
Digital Infrared Reference Spectra," P.R. Griffiths and C.L. Wilkins, Appl.
Spectrosc., 42, 538-545 (1988).
107. "In situ Measurement of
the FT-IR Spectrum of a Phospholipid Monolayer at the Air-Water Interface," R.A.
Dluhy, N.A. Wright and P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 42, 138-142 (1988).
106. "Temperature Estimation
of Carbon Dioxide by Infrared Absorption Spectrometry at Medium Resolution,"
L.A. Gross and P.R. Griffiths, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 39,
131-138 (1988).
105. "Angular Dependence of
Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectra. III. Linearity of Kubelka-Munk Plots,"
P.J. Brimmer and P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 42, 242-247 (1988).
104. "Characterization of
Interfacial Phenomena Occurring During Exposure of a Thin Copper Film to an
Aqueous Suspension of an Acidic Polysaccharide," G.G. Geesey, T. Iwaoka and P.R.
Griffiths, J. Coll. Interfac. Sci., 120, 370-376 (1987).
103. "Analysis of the
Metal-Catalyzed Decomposition of c- and w-Haloesters by GC/FT-IR," D.E. Henry,
S.L. Pentoney, Jr., R.W. Kondrat and P.R. Griffiths, Chromatographia, 23,
547-552 (1987).
102. "Evaluation of an
Optimized Single-Beam Gas Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared (GC/FT-IR)
Interface for Environmental Analysis," D.F. Gurka, R. Titus, P.R. Griffiths, D.E.
Henry and A. Giorgetti, Anal. Chem., 59, 2362-2369 (1987).
101. "Optimizing the Optical
Configuration for Gas Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry
using Light-Pipes," D.E. Henry, A. Giorgetti, A.M. Haefner, P.R. Griffiths and
D.F. Gurka, Anal. Chem., 59, 2356-2361 (1987).
100. "Supercritical Fluid
Chromatography Interface for a Differentially-Pumped Dual-Cell Fourier Transform
Mass Spectrometer," D.A. Laude, S.L. Pentoney, P.R. Griffiths and C.L. Wilkins,
Anal. Chem., 59, 2283-2288 (1987).
99. "Pressure and
Temperature Dependence of the Carbon Dioxide Laser Bands," L.A. Gross and P.R.
Griffiths, Appl. Optics, 26, 2250 (1987).
98. "Angular Dependence of
Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectra. II. Effect of Polarization," P.J. Brimmer
and P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 41, 791-797 (1987).
97. "Combined Gas and
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for the High Resolution Separation of
Volatile and Nonvolatile Compounds," S.L. Pentoney, A. Giorgetti and P.R.
Griffiths, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 25, 93-98 (1987).
96. "Computer-Controlled
Pneumatic Amplifier Pump for Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and
Extractions," G.L. Pariente, S.L. Pentoney, P.R. Griffiths and K.H. Shafer,
Anal. Chem., 59, 808-813 (1987).
95. "Diffuse Reflectance FT-IR
Studies of the Adsorption of CO on Rh/Al2O3 Catalysts," I.M. Hamadeh and P.R.
Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 41, 682-688 (1987).
94. "Coupled Gas
Chromatography and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry," P.R. Griffiths and
D.E. Henry, Progress in Analytical Spectroscopy, 9, 455-482 (1986).
93. "Capillary Gas
Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectrometry at Subambient
Temperature," R. Fuoco, K.H. Shafer and P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 58,
3249-3254 (1986).
92. "Introduction to
Spectral Deconvolution," G.L. Pariente and P.R. Griffiths, Trends in Anal.
Chem., 5, 209-215 (1986).
91. "Sample Transfer
Accessory for Thin-Layer Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectrometry," K.H. Shafer, P.R. Griffiths, and S.Q. Wang, Anal. Chem., 58,
2708-2714 (1986).
90. "The Hyphenation of
Chromatography and FT-IR Transform Infrared Spectrometry," P.R. Griffiths, S.L.
Pentoney, A. Giorgetti, and K.H. Shafer, Anal. Chem., 58, 1349A-1366A (1986).
89. "A Solvent Elimination
Interface for Capillary Supercritical Fluid Chromatography/Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectrometry Using an Infrared Microscope," S.L. Pentoney, K.H. Shafer,
and P.R. Griffiths, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 24, 230-235 (1986).
88. "Effect of Absorbing
Matrices on Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectra," P.J. Brimmer and P.R.
Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 58, 2179-2184 (1986).
87. "Diffuse Reflection and
Polarization Modulation FT-IR Spectrometry of Surface Species," P.R. Griffiths,
K.W. Van Every and N.A. Wright, Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., 324, 571-578 (1986).
86. "Copper-Coated
Cylindrical Internal Reflection Elements for Investigating Interfacial
Phenomena," T. Iwaoka, P.R. Griffiths, J. Kitasako and G.G. Geesey, Appl.
Spectrosc., 40, 1062-1066 (1986).
85. "Role of Bacterial
Exopolymers in the Deterioration of Metallic Copper Surfaces," G.G. Geesey, M.W.
Mittelman, T. Iwaoka and P.R. Griffiths, Materials Performance, 25(2), 37-40
(1986).
84. "Sampling Accessories
for FT-IR Spectroscopy," P.R. Griffiths, Eur. Spectrosc. News, 64, 8-17 (1986).
83. “Supercritical Fluid
Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectrometry," S.L. Pentoney, K.H.
Shafer, P.R. Griffiths and R. Fuoco, J. High Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun.,
9, 168-171 (1986).
82. “Gas
Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry under a Microscope," K.H.
Shafer, P.R. Griffiths and R. Fuoco, J. High Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun.,
9, 124-126 (1986).
81. "Angular Dependence of
Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectra. Part I: FT-IR Spectrogoniophotometer,"
P.J. Brimmer, P.R. Griffiths and N.J. Harrick, Appl. Spectrosc., 40, 258-265
(1986).
80. "Solvent Elimination
Techniques for HPLC/FT-IR," P.R. Griffiths and C.M. Conroy, Adv. Chromatogr.,
25, 105-138 (1986).
79. "Supercritical Fluid
Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry with an Automatic Diffuse
Reflectance Interface," K.H. Shafer, S.L. Pentoney, and P.R. Griffiths, Anal.
Chem., 58, 58-64 (1986).
78. "Interface of a
Microbore High Performance Liquid Chromatograph with a Diffuse Reflectance
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer," C.M. Conroy, P.R. Griffiths and K.
Jinno, Anal. Chem., 57, 822-825 (1985).
77. "Diffuse Reflectance
Infrared Spectrometry of Inorganic Materials," T. Iwaoka, S.-H. Wang and P.R.
Griffiths, Spectrochim. Acta, 41A, 37-41 (1985).
76. "Protein Conformation by
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Resolution Enhancement by Fourier
Self-Deconvolution," P.W.J. Yang, P.R. Griffiths, H. Susi and D.M. Byler, Appl.
Spectrosc., 39, 282-287 (1985).
75. "Effect of Preheating on
Chemical Structure and Infrared Spectra of Yanzhou Coal," Peng Chen, P.W. Yang
and P.R. Griffiths, Fuel, 64, 307-312 (1985).
74. "Resolution Enhancement
of Diffuse Reflectance I.R. Spectra of Coals by Fourier Self-Deconvolution: I.
C-H Stretching and Bending Modes," S.H. Wang and P.R. Griffiths, Fuel, 64,
229-236 (1985).
73. "Optimization of
Parameters for Fourier Self-Deconvolution. II. Band Multiplets," W.J. Yang and
P.R. Griffiths, Computer Enhanced Spectroscopy, 2, 69-74 (1984).
72. "Supercritical Fluid
Chromatography/Diffuse Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry," K.H.
Shafer, S.L. Pentoney, and P.R. Griffiths, J. High Res. Chromatogr., Chromatogr.
Commun., 7, 707-709 (1984).
71. "Interface of a
Reverse-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatograph with a Diffuse Reflectance
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer," C.M. Conroy, P.R. Griffiths, P.J. Duff
and L.V. Azarraga, Anal. Chem., 56, 2636-2642 (1984).
70. "Optimization of GC/FT-IR
Measurements. II. Optical Design," P.W.J. Yang and P.R. Griffiths, Appl.
Spectrosc., 38, 816-821 (1984).
69. "Optimization of GC/FT-IR
Measurements. I. Construction of Light-Pipes," P.W.J. Yang, E.L. Ethridge, J.L.
Lane and P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 38, 813-816 (1984).
68. "Effect of Pressure on
Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectra of Compressed Powders," S.A. Yeboah, S.H.
Wang and P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 38, 259-264 (1984).
67. "Vibrational Circular
Dichroism Measurements by Optical Subtraction FT-IR Spectrometry," W.J. Yang,
P.R. Griffiths, and G.J. Kemeny, Appl. Spectrosc., 38, 337-343 (1984).
66. "Comparison of Gas
Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometric Gram-Schmidt
Reconstructions from Different Interferometers," G.M. Brissey, D.E. Henry, G.N.
Giss, P.W. Yang, P.R. Griffiths and C.L. Wilkins, Anal. Chem., 56, 2002-2006
(1984).
65. "Heatable-Evacuable Cell
and Optical System for Diffuse Reflectance FT-IR Spectrometry of Adsorbed
Species," I.M. Hamadeh, D. King and P.R. Griffiths, J. Catal., 88, 264-272
(1984).
64. "Preparation of
Calibration Standards for Quantitative Diffuse Reflectance Infrared
Spectrometry," I.M. Hamadeh, S.A. Yeboah, K.A. Trumbell and P.R. Griffiths, Appl.
Spectrosc., 38, 486-491 (1984).
63. "Optimization of
Parameters for Fourier Self-Deconvolution. I. Minimization of Noise and
Side-Lobes Without Apodization," W.J. Yang and P.R. Griffiths, Computer Enhanced
Spectrosc., 1, 157-165 (1983).
62. "On-Line Supercritical
Fluid Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry," K.H. Shafer and
P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 55, 1939-1942 (1983).
61. "Capillary GC/FT-IR,"
P.R. Griffiths, J.A. de Haseth and L.V. Azarraga, Anal. Chem., 55, 1361A-1371A
(1983).
60. "Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectrometry," P.R. Griffiths, Science, 222, 297-302 (1983).
59. "Specifications for
Infrared Reflectance Spectra of Molecules in the Vapor Phase," P.R. Griffiths,
A.R.H. Cole, P.L. Hanst, W.J. Lafferty, R.J. Obremski, J.H. Shaw and R.N. Jones,
Appl. Spectrosc., 37, 458-463 (1983).
58. "Investigation of
Monomer-Dimer Equilibria of Perfluorocarboxylic Acids by Second Derivative
Infrared Spectroscopy," J.N.-P. Sun, P.R. Griffiths and C.A. Sperati,
Spectrochim. Acta, 39A, 587-590 (1983).
57. "Diffuse Reflectance
Infrared Spectrometry of Powdered Coals," M.P. Fuller, I.M. Hamadeh, P.R.
Griffiths and D.E. Lowenhaupt, Fuel, 61, 529-936 (1982).
56. "Elimination of
Secondary and Tertiary Interferograms in Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of
Semiconductor Wafers," P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 36, 319 (1982).
55. "Criteria for
Presentation of Spectra from Computerized IR Instruments," J.G. Grasselli, P.R.
Griffiths and R.W. Hannah, Appl. Spectrosc., 36, 87-91 (1982).
54. "Feasibility of Using
Dual-Beam Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry to Study Adhesives on Metal
Surfaces," G.J. Kemeny and P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 35, 128-129 (1981).
53. "Nitrogen-Broadening
Coefficient of Vibration-Rotation Lines of Carbon Monoxide," J.N.-P. Sun and P.R.
Griffiths, Appl. Optics, 20, 2332-2334 (1981).
52. "Temperature Dependence
of the Self-Broadening Coefficients for the Fundamental Band of Carbon
Monoxide," J.N.-P. Sun and P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Optics, 20, 1691-1695 (1981).
51. "Infrared Microsampling
by Diffuse Reflectance Fourier Transform Spectrometry," M.P. Fuller and P.R.
Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 34, 533-539 (1980).
50. "Rapid-Scanning
Computer-Controlled Tunable Diode Laser Spectrometer," J.N.-P. Sun, M.L. Olson,
D.L. Grieble and P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Optics,, 19, 2762-2766 (1980).
49.
"Microcomputer-Controlled Interface between a High Performance Liquid
Chromatograph and a Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform
Spectrometer," D. Kuehl and P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 52, 1394-1399 (1980).
48. "Identification of Peaks
in Capillary Column Gas Chromatograms at the Nanogram Level by Dual-Beam Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectrometry," D. Kuehl, G.J. Kemeny and P.R. Griffiths, Appl.
Spectrosc., 34, 222-224 (1980).
47. "Improved Sensitivity in
Dual-Beam Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy," G.J. Kemeny and P.R.
Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 34, 95-97. (1980).
46. "Second Derivative
Tunable Diode Laser Spectrometry for Line Profile Determination. II.
Experimental Results," D.L. Grieble, M.L. Olsen, J.N.-P. Sun and P.R. Griffiths,
Appl. Spectrosc., 34, 56-60 (1980).
45. "Second Derivative
Tunable Diode Laser Spectrometry for Line Profile Determination. I. Theory,"
M.L. Olsen, D.L. Grieble and P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 34, 50-56 (1980).
44. "Specifications for
Infrared Reference Spectra of Materials in the Vapor Phase above Ambient
Temperature," P.R. Griffiths, L.V. Azarraga, J. A. de Haseth, R.W. Hannah, R.J.
Jakobsen and M.M. Ennis, Appl. Spectrosc., 33, 543-548 (1979).
43. "Noise Reduction in
Tunable Diode Laser Spectrometry of Hot Gases," D.L. Grieble and P.R. Griffiths,
Appl. Spectrosc., 33, 640-641 (1979).
42. "Novel Approaches to
Interfacing a High Performance Liquid Chromatograph with a Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectrometer," D. Kuehl and P.R. Griffiths, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 17,
471-476 (1979).
41. "Diffuse Reflectance
Measurements by Infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometry," M.P. Fuller and P.R.
Griffiths, Anal.Chem., 50, 1906-1910 (1978).
40. "Resolution and
Instrument Line Shape Effects on Spectral Compensation with Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectrometers," R.J. Anderson and P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 50,
1804-1811 (1978).
39. "Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy: Recent Developments," P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Optics, 17,
1315-1317 (1978).
38. "Infrared Analysis by
Diffuse Reflectance Spectrometry," M.P. Fuller and P.R. Griffiths, Amer. Lab.,
10(10), 69-80 (1978).
37. "Application of Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to the Identification of Trace Organics in
Water," M.M. Gomez-Taylor, D. Kuehl and P.R. Griffiths, Intern. J. Environ.
Anal. Chem., 5, 103-117 (1978).
36. "On-Line Identification
of Gas Chromatographic Effluents by Dual-Beam Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectrometry," M.M. Gomez-Taylor and P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 50, 422-425
(1978).
35. "Dual-Beam Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectrometer," D. Kuehl and P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 50,
418-422 (1978).
34. "Discrimination of
Monostereoisomers in Asymmetric Solvents by Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectrometry," D.L. Grieble, P.R. Griffiths and T. Hirschfeld, Anal. Chem., 50,
415-417 (1978).
33. "Improved Sensitivity
for in situ Infrared Identification of Species Separated by Thin-Layer
Chromatography Using Programmed Multiple Development," M.M. Gomez-Taylor and P.R.
Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 31, 528-530 (1977).
32. “Determination of
Rotational Temperatures of Diatomic Molecules from Absorption Spectra Measured
at Moderate Resolution," R.J. Anderson and P.R. Griffiths, J. Quant. Spectrosc.
Radiat. Transfer, 17, 393-401 (1977).
31. "A Theoretical
Discussion of the Comparative Performances of Dispersion an Fourier-Transform
Interferometric Spectrometers for the Infrared Region," R.G. Greenler, P.R.
Griffiths and N. Sheppard, Appl. Spectrosc., 31, 448-450 (1977).
30. "Recent Applications of
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry in Chemical and Environmental Analysis,"
P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 31, 497-505 (1977).
29. "Interferometers vs.
Monochromators: Separating the Optical and Digital Advantages," P.R. Griffiths,
H.J. Sloane and R.W. Hannah, Appl. Spectrosc., 31, 485-495 (1977).
28. "Optimized Sampling in
the Gas Chromatography-Infrared Spectroscopy Interface," P.R. Griffiths, Appl.
Spectrosc., 31, 284-288 (1977).
27. "Quantitative Infrared
Determination of Stereoisomers through Differential Absorbance," R.M. Gendreau
and P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 48, 1910-1914 (1976).
26. "Quantitative Infrared
Determination of Geometrical Isomers through Additive Absorbance," R.M. Gendreau,
P.R. Griffiths, L.E. Ellis and J.R. Anfinsen, Anal, Chem., 48, 1907-1909 (1976).
25. "A Low Frequency
Infrared Study of Ruthenium (II) Complexes with 1,8-Naphthyridines and 2,2'-Bipyridine,"
R.J. Staniewicz, D.G. Hendricker and P.R. Griffiths, Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Letters,
13, 467-474 (1977).
24. "Vibrational
Spectrometry of Pesticides and Related Materials on Thin-Layer Chromatography
Adsorbents," M.M. Gomez-Taylor, D. Kuehl and P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc.,
30, 447-452 (1976).
23. “On-Line Fourier
Transform Infrared Analysis of Pyrolysis and Combustion Products," S.A. Liebman,
D.H. Ahlstrom and P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 30, 355-357 (1976).
22. "Errors in Absorbance
Measurements in Infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometry Because of Limited
Instrument Resolution," R.J. Anderson and P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 47,
2339-2347 (1975).
21. "Direct Measurement of
the Infrared Spectra of Humic Substances in Water by Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy," P. MacCarthy, H.B. Mark and P.R. Griffiths, J. Ag. Food Chem.,
23, 600-602 (1975).
20. "Infrared Emission
Spectroscopy - A Tool for Remote Quantitative Analysis," P.R. Griffiths, Amer.
Lab., 7(3), 37-45 (1975).
19. "Photometric Precision
of Infrared Spectra Measured by Fourier Transform Spectroscopy," P.R. Griffiths,
Appl. Spectrosc., 29, 11-14 (1975).
18. "Direct Measurement of
Infrared Spectra of Compounds Separated by Thin-Layer Chromatography," C.J.
Percival and P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 47, 154-156. (1975).
17. "Industrial
Problem-Solving by Infrared Spectroscopy," P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 46,
1206A-1216A (1974).
16. "Interferometry in the
Seventies," P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 46, 645A-651A (1974).
15. "Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy," P.R. Griffiths, Proc. Soc. Anal. Chem., 191-192 (1973).
14. "Origin of Terrestrial
Polypeptides: A Theory Based on Data from Discharge-Tube Experiments," P.R.
Griffiths, P.J. Schuhmann and E.R. Lippincott, Space Life Sciences, 4, 278-290
(1973).
13. "Considerations for
Infrared Ultramicrosampling," P.R. Griffiths and F. Block, Appl. Spectrosc., 27,
431-436 (1973).
12. "Rapid-Scan Infrared
Fourier Transform Spectroscopy," P.R. Griffiths, C.T. Foskett, R. Curbelo and
S.T. Dunn, Appl. Spectrosc. Revs., 6, 31-78 (1972).
11. “’Trading Rules’”in
Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy," P.R. Griffiths, Anal. Chem., 44,
1909-1913 (1972).
10. "Thermodynamic Models in
Cosmochemical Systems," P.R. Griffiths, C.W. Brown, E.R. Lippincott and M.O.
Dayhoff, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 36, 109-128 (1972).
9. "Infrared Emission
Spectroscopy. I. Basic Considerations," P.R. Griffiths, Appl. Spectrosc., 26,
73-76 (1972).
8 "Rapid Scan Infra-Red
Fourier Transform Spectroscopy," P.R. Griffiths, in Molecular Spectroscopy 1971,
p. 371-382, Inst. of Petroleum (London), (1971).
7. “Thermodynamic Equilibria from Plasma
Sources. III. Carbon-Hydrogen-Nitrogen Systems," P.R. Griffiths, P.J.
Schuhmann and E.R. Lippincott, J. Phys. Chem., 74, 2916-2920 (1970).
5. "High-Temperature
Equilibria from Plasma Sources. II. Hydrocarbon Systems," P.R. Griffiths, P.J.
Schuhmann and E.R. Lippincott, J. Phys. Chem., 73, 2532-2537 (1969).
4. "High-Temperature
Equilibria from Plasma Sources. I. Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen Systems," C.K.
Weiffenbach, P.R. Griffiths, P.J. Schuhmann and E.R. Lippincott, J. Phys. Chem.,
73, 2526-2531 (1969).
3. "Far Infrared Spectra
of Prolate and Oblate Symmetric Tops," P.R. Griffiths and H.W. Thompson,
Spectrochim. Acta, 24A, 1325-1336 (1968).
2. "Far Infrared Spectra
and Vibrational Assignments of Substituted Benzenes," P.R. Griffiths and H.W.
Thompson, Proc. Roy. Soc. (Lond.), 298, 51-63 (1967).
1. "Far Infrared Spectra
and Rotational Isomerism of Sym-tetrachloro- and Tetrabromoethane," G.W.
Chantry, H.A. Gebbie, P.R. Griffiths and R.F. Lake, Spectrochim. Acta, 22,
125-129 (1966).
Peter R. Griffiths
Analytical and Environmental Chemistry Professor, University of Idaho
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B.A., Oxford University, 1964
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D. Phil., Oxford University, 1967
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Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Maryland, 1967-69
Professor Griffiths' research is centered on the application of vibrational
spectrometry to the solution of problems of analytical, environmental and structural
chemistry. One topic that has been intensely studied over a period of more than ten years
is the development of interfaces between a Fourier transform infrared (FT) spectrometer
and various types of chromatographs. In the late 1980's his group developed a unique
instrument that allows computer-searchable infrared spectra to be obtained from
subnanogram quantities of analytes eluting from a gas chromatograph (GC) in real time.
This device now forms the basis of a commercial GC/FT system. Griffiths' students have
developed an analogous interface for supercritical fluid chromatography and are currently
designing similar systems for liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. These
instruments will be used for the study of humic acids and how they transport heavy metals
into the aquifer.
In another environmentally related project, Griffiths' students are developing an
inexpensive low FT spectrometer for measuring the concentration of trace levels of
atmospheric pollutants in the field. Multivariate statistical techniques are being used
for multicomponent quantitative analysis from the infrared spectra of atmospheric species.
Other novel algorithms are being applied to reduce the width of lines in the vibration
spectra of atmospheric species that have been measured at very low resolution.
Griffiths' group is also developing techniques that allow materials in hazardous or
toxic waste sites to be identified remotely using optical fibers mounted on a robotically
transport. Currently, the relative strengths and weaknesses of infrared reflection
spectrometry and remote Raman spectrometry are being compared prior to fabricating an
instrument that can be used in the field. Neural networks are being used to discriminate
between spectra of compounds of interest and other analytes.
Another project being studied in Griffiths' lab is the development of a step-scanning
interferometer that will permit phase-resolved and time-resolved infrared spectra of
dynamic systems to be measured. For example, the rate at which different parts of a
polymer react to an applied strain can be measured. Infrared spectroelectrochemical
measurements are also being made. By modulating the potential of a metal electrode in a
sinusoidal manner and measuring the in-phase and quadrature components of the resulting
response of an infrared detector, only the spectra of those species at the electrode
surface are observed, allowing both intermediates in electrochemical reactions to be
identified and the rate of their formation or disappearance to be monitored. This system
will be applied to the problem of identifying the events that occur during
microbially-induced corrosion. Finally, techniques for spectroelectrochemical measurements
taking place immediately after a potential step are being developed. The feasibility of
applying surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy to increase the very weak signals from
thin metallic films on the surface of germanium internal reflection elements is also being
studied in this experiment.
Professor Griffiths' group works on a number of different analytical applications of
vibrational spectrometry. His students are developing a novel open-path (OP) Fourier
transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer for continuous atmospheric monitoring near
hazardous waste and Superfund sites. Unlike the contemporary technology for OP/FT-IR, the
instrument under development in his lab requires spectra to be measured only at low
resolution and obviates the need for liquid nitrogen cooled detectors. Even the telescope
mirrors in this instrument are unique, having been made by spin-casting a
carbonfiber-filled epoxy resin. Analytes are identified by computational neural networks
and quantified by a number of chemometric techniques, including partial least squares
regression and genetic algorithms.
In another project involving the development of a new type of spectrometer, Griffiths'
students are working with a small business in Troy, ID, Manning Applied Technology, to
construct an ultra-rapid- scanning interferometer that allows full infrared spectra to be
measured in as little as one millisecond. This instrument has been used to monitor very
fast combustion reactions, and is planned for use in investigating polymer dynamics and
electrochemical reactions.
Not all the work in this lab is based around instrument development. Some of Griffiths'
students are working on applications of surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA)
spectrometry. Two applications are being studied. In the first, the detection limits of
direct-deposition interfaces between gas and liquid chromatographs and FT-IR spectrometers
are being reduced by vapor-depositing a thin (~5nm) layer of gold or silver on the
substrate on which the elutes from the chromatograph are being condensed. In another
application of SEIRA, intermediates in electrochemical reactions are identified by
infrared spectroelectrochemistry. During this project, Griffiths' students have expanded
the number of metals that can be used for SEIRA to include platinum.
Finally, the distribution of functional groups on polymers, including reverse-osmosis
membranes, is being studied by Raman mapping and imaging.
David A. Heaps with the help form his wife designed the FT-Guys logo. I
would like to say that I think that the FT-Guys logo is cool.
Last updated
Wednesday February 07, 2007
